{"id":6850,"date":"2016-07-23T10:17:30","date_gmt":"2016-07-23T10:17:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/cultureproject.org.uk\/kurdish\/?p=6850"},"modified":"2016-07-24T11:59:29","modified_gmt":"2016-07-24T11:59:29","slug":"hesene-mete-diroka-novele-u-cend-problemen-we","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cultureproject.org.uk\/kurdish\/hesene-mete-diroka-novele-u-cend-problemen-we\/","title":{"rendered":"Hesen\u00ea Met\u00ea; D\u00eeroka Novel\u00ea \u00fb \u00e7end problem\u00ean w\u00ea"},"content":{"rendered":"
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<\/g><\/svg><\/i> \"Loading\"<\/p>\n

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Novel: bi qas\u00ee roman\u00ea r\u00ea nade niv\u00eeskar ku qelp\u00ee \u00fb zexeliyan bike, c\u00eaw\u00ee an j\u00ee h\u00eawiya roman\u00ea ye, di prosay\u00ea de kakil e, xwediy\u00ea formeke \u015fidiyay\u00ee \u00fb guvi\u015fand\u00ee ye, tekstek\u00ee \u00eentens\u00eev e, dih\u00eale ku xwendevan z\u00fbtir \u00fb k\u00fbrtir t\u00eabig\u00eah\u00eeje, di prosay\u00ea de desthilatiyeke huner\u00ee ye.<\/span><\/p>\n

Novel<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Li gor l\u00eakol\u00eeneran, novel peyveke \u00eetal\u00ee ye \u00fb t\u00ea maneya n\u00fb\u00e7e \u00fb n\u00fby\u00een\u00ea. Et\u00eemolojiya gotina novel\u00ea bi maneya xwe ya \u00eetal\u00ee weke n\u00fb\u00e7e, n\u00fby\u00een\u00ea t\u00ea zan\u00een. Ev gotin cara p\u00ea\u015f\u00een di deftera r\u00eadar\u00ean keyser Justinianus de peyda b\u00fbye. Li wir di w\u00ea deftera r\u00eadar\u00ea de weke novellae derbas dibe \u00fb dib\u00eajin di w\u00ea dem\u00ea de, di bin\u00ea ev\u00ee nav\u00ea novellaey\u00ea de biryar\u00ean n\u00fb hatine niv\u00eesandin.<\/p>\n

\"\u067e\u06c6\u0631\u062a\u0631\u06ce\u062a\u06cc(
\u067e\u06c6\u0631\u062a\u0631\u06ce\u062a\u06cc( \u0628\u06c6\u0643\u0627\u0686\u06ce\u06c6) \u062f\u0627\u0647\u06ce\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0631\u06cc \u0695\u06c6\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0646\u0648\u0633\u06cc \u0644\u0647\u200c\u062f\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0627<\/span><\/span>
Engraved portrait of Giovanni Boccaccio (1313\u20131375) by Raffaello Sanzio Morghen (1758-1833) after Vincenzo Gozzini and dated 1822<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

D\u00fbre ev terma novel\u00ea bi maneya b\u00fbyer an j\u00ee b\u00fbyer\u00ean n\u00fb di antolojiy\u00ean qesr\u00ean Italiya kevin de derdikeve p\u00ea\u015f. Ew novel\u00ean di wan antolojiyan de, weke n\u00fb\u00e7e \u00fb b\u00fbyer\u00ean n\u00fb hatine niv\u00eesandin. T\u00ea gotin ku piraniya van n\u00fb\u00e7e \u00fb b\u00fbyer\u00ean n\u00fb bi zimanek\u00ee edeb\u00ee hatine h\u00fbnandin.Il novellino yek ji van antolojiyan e ku li dor sal\u00ean 1250\u00ee derketiye. Yeke din j\u00ee bi nav\u00ea Cento novelle antiche ye ku ew ji li dor sal\u00ean 1300\u00ee derketiye.<\/span>
\nL\u00ea di sal\u00ean 1350\u00ee de bi nav\u00ea Giovann\u00ee Boccaccio niv\u00eeskarek\u00ee \u00eetal\u00ee sed novel\u00ean kurt bi hunermend\u00ee \u00fb p\u00eevan\u00ean novel\u00ean \u00eeroy\u00een bi away\u00ea prosay\u00ee diniv\u00ees\u00eene \u00fb bi nav\u00ea Novel\u00ean Decameron belav dike. \u00db herweha ev di tradisyona ewr\u00fbp\u00ee de dibe cara yekem ku b\u00fbyer, \u00e7\u00eerok \u00fb serp\u00eahat\u00ee bi reng\u00ea hunereke bilind \u00fb edeb\u00ee t\u00eane niv\u00eesandin \u00fb di l\u00eeteratur\u00ea de bi nav\u00ea novel\u00ea ciy\u00ea xwe \u00e7\u00eadike.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ew novel\u00ean ku \u00eero bi gelek reng, stil \u00fb ekol\u00ean n\u00fb \u00fb cuda hem\u00fb j\u00ee deyndar\u00ea ev\u00ea Decamerona Boccaccio ne an j\u00ee em bib\u00eajin novela huner\u00ee ji wir, ji w\u00ea dem\u00ea \u00fb ji cenab\u00ea Giovann\u00ee Boccaccio belav dibe.<\/p>\n

Form\u00ean novel\u00ean w\u00ee kurt \u00fb mijar\u00ean wan t\u00eavel in: Metran\u00ean xerif\u00ee, rah\u00eebey\u00ean dox\u00eensist, mezin\u00ean k\u00eamaqil \u00fb sed babet\u00ean weke van t\u00eepan ji novel\u00ean w\u00ee re b\u00fbne hist\u00fbn \u00fb t\u00eepolojiy\u00ean gir\u00eadan\u00ea… Weke tradisyon di piraniya wan novelan de motif\u00ean \u00e7\u00eerok\u00ean oriental\u00ee \u00fb fabl\u00ean dewra nav\u00een hatine h\u00fbnandin. M\u00eena ku em p\u00ea dizanin di sedsala yanzdehan de bi away\u00ea prosay\u00ee roman\u00ean \u015fovalyeyan j\u00ee dest p\u00ea kiriye. L\u00ea dema ku Boccaccio di demeke human\u00eezm\u00ea de dest bi van novel\u00ean xwe dike, di prosay\u00ea de bi formeke n\u00fb, bi formeke kurt \u00fb \u00eentens\u00eev diniv\u00ees\u00eene. Ev kurtiya ha ji bo novel\u00ea dibe p\u00eevaneke bingeh\u00een \u00fb di l\u00eeteratur\u00ea de bi nav\u00ea novel\u00ea r\u00fbdine.<\/p>\n

Herweha meriv dib\u00eene ku novel j\u00ee bi romana w\u00ea dem\u00ea re weke babetek\u00ee prosay\u00ea ge\u015f \u00fb berfereh dibe.
\nPi\u015ft\u00ee ekola human\u00eezm\u00ea v\u00ea car\u00ea j\u00ee tevgera ronesans\u00ea p\u00ea\u015fiy\u00ea li herti\u015ft\u00ee dik\u00ea\u015fe, d\u00fbre j\u00ee ekol\u00ean klas\u00eezm \u00fb romant\u00eezm\u00ea dide pey. L\u00ea wusa diyar e ku ji human\u00eezm\u00ea \u00fb heta ekola real\u00eezm\u00ea j\u00ee guhertin\u00ean wel\u00ea rad\u00eekal di form \u00fb hunera novel\u00ea de \u00e7\u00eaneb\u00fbne. Loma ev forma kurt, ev nav \u00fb navaroka novel\u00ea heta dema real\u00eezm\u00ea j\u00ee b\u00eay\u00ee ser\u00ea\u015f\u00ee \u00fb b\u00eay\u00ee serg\u00eajiyek\u00ea didome \u00fb t\u00ea.<\/p>\n

Di ekol\u00ean real\u00eezm \u00fb natural\u00eezm\u00ea de, bi gotineke din, di nav\u00eena sal\u00ean 1800 \u00fb 1900\u00ee de di war\u00ea form \u00fb navaroka novel\u00ea de ronesanseke huner\u00ee dest p\u00ea dike. Novel bi P\u00fb\u015fk\u00een, Gogol, Maupassant, \u00c7\u00eaxov \u00fb gelek\u00ean m\u00eena wan di l\u00eeteratur\u00ea de dibe xwediy\u00ea ciyek\u00ee balk\u00ea\u015f \u00fb xwe dav\u00eaje sedsala daw\u00een.
\nLi gel van ekol\u00ean real\u00eezm \u00fb natural\u00eezm\u00ea di v\u00ea sedsala daw\u00een de du ekol\u00ean din j\u00ee bi reng \u00fb kiras\u00ean din derdikevin ku j\u00ea yek expresyon\u00eezma Kafka, Strindberg \u00fb James Joyce e. Ya din j\u00ee ew e ku bi v\u00ea ekola expresyon\u00eezm\u00ea re em dib\u00eenin ku bi nav\u00ea existens\u00eeal\u00eezm\u00ea \u015faxek\u00ee felsefey\u00ea \u00fb ekoleke niv\u00eeskariy\u00ea derdikeve hol\u00ea ku di berhem\u00ean gelek niv\u00eeskaran de reng vedide. Bo nim\u00fbne weke p\u00ea\u015feng\u00ea v\u00ea ekol\u00ea J.P. Sartre \u00fb gelek\u00ean may\u00ee.<\/p>\n

Her ekol bi ser\u00ea xwe reaksioyonek e, serhildaneke ekola beriya xwe ye, felsefe \u00fb tevgerek e, rew\u015f \u00fb haletek\u00ee r\u00fbh\u00ee ye ku li ba xwediy\u00ea wan ekolan e. \u00db b\u00eaguman hey\u00een \u00fb derketina her ekolek\u00ea j\u00ee gaveke n\u00fb ye, ji bo ge\u015fb\u00fbna l\u00eeteratur\u00ea gaveke ber bi p\u00ea\u015f ve ye. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea ye ku meriv nikane bib\u00eaje novel\u00ean k\u00eejan ekol\u00ea \u00e7\u00eatir, ba\u015ftir, an j\u00ee xwe\u015ftir in. \u00db ne ten\u00ea ekol\u00ean n\u00fb, di roja \u00eeroy\u00een de xwendevan\u00ean hem\u00fb ekol\u00ean buhur\u00ee j\u00ee hene. Li gel van hem\u00fb ekolan j\u00ee, \u00eero meriv rast\u00ee gelek niv\u00eeskar \u00fb novel\u00ean wan t\u00ea ku ne ten\u00ea ekolek, herweha reng \u00fb b\u00eahna \u00e7end ekolan j\u00ee ji berhemeke wan t\u00ean.<\/p>\n

L\u00ea di k\u00eejan ekol\u00ea de dibe bila bibe, p\u00eevan\u00ean novel\u00ea ne xwe\u015fikiya novel\u00ea ye. Bi gotineke din, peyva xwe\u015fik peyveke relat\u00eev e, peyveke \u00eezaf\u00ee ye, ji bo novel\u00ea peyveke p\u00fb\u00e7 e, h\u00ees\u00ee \u00fb b\u00eamane ye. Pir\u00ee caran ji bo mot\u00eefa novel\u00ea t\u00ea gotin \u00fb dib\u00eajin: noveleke xwe\u015f e. B\u00eaguman ev xwe\u015f\u00ee xwe\u015fiyeke h\u00ees\u00ee ye, \u015fexs\u00ee ye \u00fb ji bo w\u00ee an j\u00ee w\u00ea xwendevan\u00ea wel\u00ea ye ku ew dib\u00eaje: xwe\u015f e. Ev nabe p\u00eevana noveleke serket\u00ee. Peyva serket\u00ee b\u00eatir li p\u00eevan\u00ean novelek\u00ea digunce.<\/p>\n

Noveleke serket\u00ee: ji konflikt, konsentrasyon \u00fb kl\u00eemaksa xwe p\u00eak t\u00ea \u00fb ew j\u00ee: D\u00eeyalog, monolog, sembol, st\u00eel, ziman, n\u00eegar \u00fb hinek ti\u015ft\u00ean m\u00eena van ti\u015ftan e. Ku bi hunereke bilind ev mefh\u00fbm\u00ean ha li hev werin h\u00fbnandin \u00fb bi c\u00ee \u00fb wext bibin, ji bo novel\u00ea serketinek e. Eve ye p\u00eevan\u00ean novel\u00ea. Bi gotineke din, mot\u00eef ne gir\u00eeng e. Ji ber ku pir\u00ee caran mot\u00eefa noveleke serket\u00ee, dikane mot\u00eefeke b\u00eamane be j\u00ee. Em dizanin ku j\u00eeriya hunera niv\u00eeskarek\u00ee dikane maneyeke gelek\u00ee xurt \u00fb bilind ji b\u00eamanetiyek\u00ea ava bike. Ji xwe huner j\u00ee eve ye \u00fb serketin j\u00ee eve ye.<\/p>\n

\u00c7end problem\u00ean ku di novel\u00ea de h\u00een j\u00ee saf\u00ee neb\u00fbne<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Li gel ku di ser niv\u00eesandina forma novel\u00ea re n\u00eaz\u00eek\u00ee 650 sal buhur\u00eene j\u00ee, l\u00ea ev term \u00fb ev forma novel\u00ea h\u00een j\u00ee zelal neb\u00fbye. Ne di nava l\u00eakol\u00eener\u00ean l\u00eeteratur\u00ea de, ne di nava ziman\u00ean navnetew\u00ee de \u00fb ne j\u00ee di nava<\/p>\n

\"
\u062d\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0647\u200c\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u200c\u062a\u06cc Hesen\u00ea Met\u00ea \u0646\u0648\u0633\u0647\u200c\u0631 \u0648 \u0644\u06ce\u0643\u06c6\u06b5\u0647\u200c\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u200c\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

niv\u00eeskaran de. Gotin \u00fb d\u00eetin\u00ean li ser novel\u00ea saf\u00ee neb\u00fbne. Ez \u00ea li vir \u00e7end xal\u00ean bingeh\u00een destn\u00ee\u015fan bikim:<\/p>\n

a- Ji aliy\u00ea form\u00ea ve (kurt\u00ee \u00fb dir\u00eajay\u00ee):<\/strong><\/span> Pi\u015ft\u00ee ekola human\u00eezm\u00ea \u00fb novel\u00ean Boccaccio heta demek\u00ea j\u00ee ew kes\u00ean ku ev\u00ea babeta prosay\u00ea bi nav\u00ea novel\u00ea dinav\u00eenin, wek\u00ee p\u00eevan kurtb\u00fby\u00eena w\u00ea didin ber \u00e7avan \u00fb heta derek\u00ea j\u00ee li ser v\u00ea yek\u00ea zelal dibin \u00fb hemfikir in. Novel bi v\u00ea forma xwe heta sedsal\u00ean 18 \u00fb 19an j\u00ee diherike \u00fb b\u00eay\u00ee serg\u00eaj\u00ee, b\u00eay\u00ee ser\u00ea\u015f\u00ee t\u00ea. L\u00ea j\u00ea \u00fb p\u00ea ve novel deforme dibe.<\/strong> A w\u00ea \u00e7ax\u00ea ser\u00ea gelek l\u00eakol\u00eener \u00fb zimanzan\u00ean l\u00eeteratur\u00ea tevlihev dibe \u00fb pir\u00ee caran niv\u00eeskar\u00ea novel\u00ea bi xwe j\u00ee nema ji nav derdikeve. Bi gotineke din, ew p\u00eevana tradisyonel ku digot di novel\u00ea de karakter\u00ea her\u00ee bingeh\u00een kurtb\u00fby\u00een e, ji nav\u00een\u00ea radibe.<\/p>\n

Ji ber ku li dor sal\u00ean 1830\u00ee bi nav\u00ea novel\u00ea berhem\u00ean 138, 226 \u00fb 600 r\u00fbpel\u00een derketine. \u00db di van dem\u00ean n\u00fb de j\u00ee, dem\u00ean ku \u00ead\u00ee em j\u00ee p\u00ea dizanin bi nav\u00ea Duelloy\u00ea noveleke \u00c7\u00eaxov 170 r\u00fbpel e, novela w\u00ee ya bi nav\u00ea Beyar\u00ea 121 r\u00fbpel e, Stocholma Bav\u00ea Naz\u00ea 122 r\u00fbpel e.
\nEv nim\u00fbney\u00ean weha j\u00ee didin diyarkirin ku ji bo novel\u00ea kurtb\u00fby\u00een \u00ead\u00ee ne karakterek\u00ee bingeh\u00een e, an j\u00ee ev p\u00eevana forma kurtb\u00fby\u00een\u00ea serg\u00eajiyek\u00ea \u00e7\u00eadike. Ji bo ku ji v\u00ea serg\u00eajiy\u00ea bifilitin, hinek rab\u00fbne li ser p\u00eevana kurt\u00ee \u00fb dir\u00eajayiya novel\u00ea p\u00ea\u015fniyar j\u00ee kirine. Weke nim\u00fbne: di nava niv\u00eeskar\u00ean almanan de hinekan gotine: Ew prosay\u00ean ku di hunera edeb\u00ee de heta 50 hezar p\u00eetan dir\u00eaj bin, em wan bi nav\u00ea novel\u00ea binav\u00eenin. L\u00ea ku ji 50 hezar herfan z\u00eade be, bi \u00eextimaleke mezin ew \u00ea bibe roman. L\u00ea ez bi xwe van p\u00eevan\u00ean mekan\u00eek t\u00ear nab\u00eenim \u00fb loma li ser v\u00ea yek\u00ea nasekinim.<\/p>\n

b- Ji aliy\u00ea c\u00ee \u00fb wext\u00ea ve:<\/strong><\/span> \u00cero di hunera niv\u00eesandina prosay\u00ea de c\u00ee \u00fb wext j\u00ee al\u00eekariy\u00ea nake ku meriv berhemeke huner\u00ee bi nav\u00ea novel an j\u00ee roman\u00ea binav\u00eene. Ku em bib\u00eajin: novel, mot\u00eef an j\u00ee f\u00eegurek\u00ee xwe di c\u00ee \u00fb wexteke teng \u00fb kurt de dih\u00fbne, em \u00ea nikanibin ji \u00e7ewtiyeke mezin derkevin. Lewra novel\u00ean ku bi wexteke panzdeh salan hatine h\u00fbnandin j\u00ee hene. Weke nim\u00fbne: novela bi nav\u00ea Peyman ji Anton \u00c7\u00eaxov di panzeh salan de diqewime. Novel\u00ean bi de\u015ft \u00fb \u00e7iya, novel\u00ean bi gund \u00fb bajaran hene. Ji aliy\u00ea din ve roman\u00ean b\u00eawext, roman\u00ean ten\u00ea di nava niv\u00eenan de an j\u00ee li ber mirin\u00ea hatine niv\u00ees\u00een \u00fb van romanan ne c\u00ee \u00fb ne j\u00ee wext girtine. Herweha ev pirsa novel \u00fb roman\u00ea bi c\u00ee \u00fb wexteke diyarkir\u00ee j\u00ee saf\u00ee nabe.<\/p>\n

c- Ji aliy\u00ea struktur \u00fb avab\u00fbn\u00ea ve:<\/strong><\/span> Ji aliy\u00ea struktura xwe ve novel ji konflikt, koncentration, klimaksa prosay\u00ea p\u00eak t\u00ea. Bi gotineke din: Novel\u00eestek\u00ee serket\u00ee nakokiya b\u00fbyerek\u00ea (konflik) digire (carina ji destp\u00eak\u00ea, carina ji n\u00eav\u00ee \u00fb carina j\u00ee em bib\u00eajin ji kuder\u00ea p\u00eaw\u00eest bike) tevayiy\u00ea bal \u00fb zelal\u00ea w\u00ea b\u00fbyer\u00ea diciv\u00eene ser hev, diguv\u00ea\u015fe ser hev (koncentration) \u00fb ber bi qest \u00fb mebesta xwe bilind dike (klimaks) \u00fb ji wir bi harmoniyeke p\u00eaw\u00eest weke sembolek\u00ea ber bi dawiya novel\u00ea dadixe.
\nMot\u00eef, d\u00eealog, monolog, sembol, fakta \u00fb f\u00eektion, f\u00eegur, b\u00fbyer, c\u00ee, wext, ziman, n\u00eegar \u00fb ew hem\u00fb ti\u015ft\u00ean ku ji bo novelek\u00ea p\u00eaw\u00eest bikin, div\u00ea di te\u015ft \u00fb \u00e7ar\u00e7oveyeke weha de nerm bibin, bibine weke hev\u00eer \u00fb d\u00fbre m\u00eena peykerek\u00ee were \u00e7\u00eakirin.
\nDi h\u00fbnandineke weha de pir\u00ee caran gelek ti\u015ft\u00ean li k\u00ealekan, li hawurdor\u00ea b\u00fbyer an j\u00ee leheng\u00ea novelek\u00ea vala \u00fb ve\u015far\u00ee dim\u00eenin \u00fb div\u00ea bim\u00eene j\u00ee. Ji ber ku novel bi xwe formeke guvi\u015fand\u00ee ye, zelal \u00fb kakil\u00ea b\u00fbyerek\u00ea ye, bi desthilatiyeke huner\u00ee daxwaza day\u00eena mebestek\u00ea ye. Gotin \u00fb vegotin\u00ean z\u00eade, zimandir\u00eajiyeke wusa ye ku di novel\u00ea de kubar\u00ee \u00fb xis\u00fbsiyeta w\u00ea nah\u00eale. F\u00eegur, mot\u00eef \u00fb mijar\u00ean nep\u00eaw\u00eest ji bo novel\u00ea pa\u00e7 \u00fb p\u00eeney\u00ean ser\u00ea\u015f\u00ea ne. Li ser valah\u00ee, ve\u015far\u00ee, p\u00eaw\u00eest\u00ee \u00fb nep\u00eaw\u00eestiya van ti\u015ftan Guy de Maupassant weha dib\u00eaje: \u00abDema ku hunermendek portreyek\u00ee me \u00e7\u00eadike, \u00eeskelet\u00ea me n\u00ee\u015fan nade.\u00bb<\/p>\n

\u00db di v\u00ee war\u00ee de Anton \u00c7\u00eaxov j\u00ee nim\u00fbneyeke weha dide \u00fb dib\u00eaje: \u00abDema ku meriv bixwaze ji latek\u00ee mermer r\u00fbyek\u00ee \u00e7\u00eake, meriv \u00ea wan hem\u00fb aliy\u00ean ku \u00ead\u00ee nabin r\u00fb tira\u015f bike \u00fb bav\u00eaje.\u00bb
\nKu ez t\u00eag\u00eah\u00ee\u015ftina xwe ya ji bo novel\u00ea bib\u00eajim: ji bo ku meriv li jineke bedew binere, p\u00eaw\u00eest nake meriv tevayiya la\u015f\u00ea xwe \u00e7erx bike, ber\u00ea xwe bide w\u00ea \u00fb bib\u00eene. T\u00ear dike ku meriv di ser mil\u00ea xwe re j\u00ee l\u00ea binere \u00fb bedewiya ew\u00ea jin\u00ea bib\u00eene. Bi gotineke din ti\u015ft\u00ea ku bedewiya w\u00ea jin\u00ea bib\u00eene, \u00e7av in, ne tevayiya la\u015f e ku em xwe \u00e7erx bikin. L\u00ea ev p\u00eevan\u00ean weha di roja \u00eeroy\u00een de ne ten\u00ea di novel\u00ea de, herweha di roman\u00ea de \u00fb nemaze di roman\u00ean kurt de j\u00ee ba\u015ftir diyar dibin. \u00db di war\u00ea h\u00fbnandina avakirin\u00ea de j\u00ee herwek\u00ee ku meriv dib\u00eene, cudayiyeke berbi\u00e7av di navbera noveleke dir\u00eaj \u00fb romanek\u00ea de ne diyar e.
\nBi kurtebir\u00ee \u00fb bi qas\u00ee ku ez bi ser ve b\u00fbme, wext, c\u00ee, form (weke kurt \u00fb dir\u00eajayiya xwe), struktur \u00fb heta derek\u00ea ez dikanim bib\u00eajim n\u00eegara (tesw\u00eera) prosayek\u00ea j\u00ee ne p\u00eevan\u00ean zelal in ku meriv bi nav\u00ea novel an j\u00ee roman\u00ea bi nav bikin.<\/p>\n

d- Ji aliy\u00ea nav \u00fb ziman\u00ee ve:<\/strong><\/span> Ji bo ku v\u00ea tevliheviy\u00ea pi\u00e7ek\u00ee zelal bikin, hinek zimanzanan li gor ziman\u00ean xwe hinek peyv\u00ean n\u00fb peyda kirine, l\u00ea d\u00eesa j\u00ee ev dudiliya li ser nav \u00fb navaroka novel\u00ea bi tevay\u00ee \u00e7areser neb\u00fbye. Novela ku me bahsa w\u00ea kir, ji bo ingil\u00eezan short story ye an j\u00ee taley\u00ea bi kar t\u00eenin. Ji bo ku cudayiyek\u00ea t\u00eaxin navbera kurtb\u00fbn \u00fb dir\u00eajayiya prosay\u00ea nav\u00ea novelettey\u00ea j\u00ee bi kar t\u00eenin. \u00db ev\u00ea peyva novela ku em p\u00ea dizanin \u00fb anuha bahs dikin, ew bi maneya roman\u00ea bi kar t\u00eenin.
\nHerweha di frans\u00ee de j\u00ee ji bo novel\u00ea s\u00ea peyvik\u00ean cuda bi kar t\u00eenin: nouvelle, ji bil\u00ee viya r\u00e9cit \u00fb conte bi kar t\u00eenin. Di sw\u00ead\u00ee de: novell, historia, ber\u00e4ttelse, skiss heye. Di ziman\u00ea alman\u00ee de peyva kurzgeschichte \u00fb \u00e4rsellung bi kar t\u00eenin ku m\u00eena k\u0131sa \u00fb uzun \u00f6yk\u00fcya di tirk\u00ee de heye.<\/p>\n

Wek gotin\u00ean daw\u00een dixwazim bib\u00eajim ku niv\u00eeskar\u00ea sw\u00ead\u00ee Ivar Lo Johansson li ser novel\u00ea bi me dide zan\u00een ku:<\/strong> \u201dNovel, weke maneya xwe ya \u00eetal\u00ee n\u00fb\u00e7eyeke n\u00fb ye, ewqas n\u00fb ye ku p\u00eaw\u00eest\u00ee bi l\u00eakol\u00eena v\u00ea n\u00fb\u00e7ey\u00ea heye.\u201d<\/strong>
\n Li gor d\u00eetin\u00ean hinek\u00ean may\u00ee j\u00ee: di l\u00eeteratura pa\u015feroj\u00ea de ge\u015fb\u00fbneke b\u00eatir \u00ea v\u00ea tevliheviya novel\u00ea ji hev saf\u00ee bike. \u00db ez\u2026 ez j\u00ee h\u00eav\u00ee dikim wel\u00ea be \u00fb wel\u00ea bibe.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Herwek\u00ee ku diyar e gelek ti\u015ft li ser v\u00ee babet\u00ea prosay\u00ea, li ser novel\u00ea hatiye gotin. Ez naxwazim, naw\u00earim \u00fb min dil n\u00eene ku ez j\u00ee ti\u015ftek\u00ee li van ti\u015ftan z\u00eade bikim. L\u00ea ez v\u00ea gotara xwe ten\u00ea bi p\u00ea\u015fniyarek\u00ea, p\u00ea\u015fniyareke ji bo ziman\u00ea kurd\u00ee berhev dikim \u00fb dib\u00eajim: Ev tevliheviya norm \u00fb karakter\u00ea novel\u00ea b\u00eaguman ji bo me j\u00ee problemek e. Di war\u00ea gotina zim\u00ean de ev problem ji bo kurd\u00ee gelek\u00ee mezintir e. Meziniya v\u00ea poblem\u00ea j\u00ea yek ew e ku: Em pir\u00ee caran peyva \u00e7\u00eerok bi kar t\u00eenin ku ev peyv ne bersiveke van peyv\u00ean xelk\u00ea ne j\u00ee. \u00c7\u00eeroka me masala tirk\u00ee ye, sagaya sw\u00ead\u00ee ye, fairy taleya \u00eengil\u00eez\u00ee ye. Bi gotineke din, b\u00fbyer \u00fb leheng\u00ea \u00e7\u00eeroka me berhemeke kolekt\u00eef, berhemeke anon\u00eem\u00eetet\u00ea ye. L\u00ea novela ku em anuha bahs dikin ti\u015ftek\u00ee din e. Loma j\u00ee bi gumana min ev peyva \u00e7\u00eeroka ku em bi kar t\u00eenin bersiva novel\u00ea nade. Ez dizanim gelek kes peyva serp\u00eahat\u00ee j\u00ee bi kar t\u00eenin. L\u00ea ez naw\u00earim v\u00ea peyv\u00ea j\u00ee bi kar b\u00eenim. Bi baweriya min heta zimanzan\u00ean me di war\u00ea ziman de bi ser nekevin, ji bo ev\u00ea babeta prosay\u00ea weke bersiveke rastir \u00fb t\u00eartir peyveke n\u00fb neb\u00eenin, div\u00ea em j\u00ee novel\u00ea bi kar b\u00eenin. Bi k\u00eaman\u00ee ez wusa dizanim.<\/p>\n

Hesen\u00ea Met\u00ea<\/p>\n

Not: Ev niv\u00ees cara p\u00ea\u015f\u00een ji bo koferanseke edeb\u00ee di sala 1995an de li \u201dBiskopsarn\u00f6\u201dya Sw\u00ead\u00ea hatib\u00fb p\u00ea\u015fk\u00ea\u015fkirin.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\u062a\u0627\u06cc\u0628\u0647\u200c\u062a
Taybet be kultur megez\u00een R\u00eanus \u00fb xallbend\u00ee taybete benuser xoy – maf\u00ee bllawkirdnewe bo nuser \u00fb kultur megez\u00een par\u00eazrawe<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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kultur megez\u00een :<\/strong>\u00a0 G\u00eewvan\u00ee buka\u00e7yo (1313 1375), be nus\u00een\u00ee berhem\u00ee (d\u00eakam\u00earone) nw\u00eager\u00ee le bwar\u00ee g\u00earranewey \u00e7\u00eerokda kirduwe \u00fb janr\u00ee nov\u00ealay dah\u00eanawe. (D\u00eakam\u00earone) le sed beserhat\u00ee cyawaz p\u00eakhatuwe, be gr\u00eadan \u00fb bllawkirdneweyan le berg\u00eakda peywestikrawn beyekewe. Em \u015fakare wek nov\u00ealayek\u00ee nawaze \u00fb \u00e7end beserhat\u00ee, be komelle \u00e7\u00eerok nawbrawe \u00fb ne\u00e7uwete xaney romanewe.<\/p>\n

\n

\u06af\u06cc\u0648\u06a4\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0686\u06cc\u06c6 (\u0661\u0663\u0661\u0663\u0640\u0640 \u0661\u0663\u0667\u0665)\u060c \u0628\u06d5 \u0646\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u06d5\u0631\u0647\u06d5\u0645\u06cc (\u062f\u06ce\u06a9\u0627\u0645\u06ce\u0631\u06c6\u0646\u06d5) \u0646\u0648\u06ce\u06af\u06d5\u0631\u06cc \u0644\u06d5 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06af\u06ce\u0695\u0627\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06cc \u0686\u06cc\u0631\u06c6\u06a9\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0648\u06d5 \u0648 \u0698\u0627\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u06c6\u06a4\u06ce\u0644\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0647\u06ce\u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5. \u062f\u06ce\u06a9\u0627\u0645\u06ce\u0631\u06c6\u0646\u06d5 \u0644\u06d5 \u0633\u06d5\u062f \u0628\u06d5\u0633\u06d5\u0631\u0647\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062c\u06cc\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u067e\u06ce\u06a9\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0648\u06d5\u060c \u0628\u06d5 \u06af\u0631\u06ce\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0628\u06b5\u0627\u0648\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u06d5 \u0628\u06d5\u0631\u06af\u06ce\u06a9\u062f\u0627 \u067e\u06d5\u06cc\u0648\u06d5\u0633\u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u06d5\u06cc\u06d5\u06a9\u06d5\u0648\u06d5. \u0626\u06d5\u0645 \u0634\u0627\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06d5 \u0648\u06d5\u06a9 \u0646\u06c6\u06a4\u06ce\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u06d5\u06a9\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d5 \u0648 \u0686\u06d5\u0646\u062f \u0628\u06d5\u0633\u06d5\u0631\u0647\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u06d5 \u06a9\u06c6\u0645\u06d5\u06b5\u06d5 \u0686\u06cc\u0631\u06c6\u06a9 \u0646\u0627\u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0648\u06d5 \u0648 \u0646\u06d5\u0686\u0648\u0648\u06d5\u062a\u06d5 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u06d5\u06cc \u0695\u06c6\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5.<\/p>\n

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Novel: bi qas\u00ee roman\u00ea r\u00ea nade niv\u00eeskar ku qelp\u00ee \u00fb zexeliyan bike, c\u00eaw\u00ee an j\u00ee h\u00eawiya roman\u00ea ye, di prosay\u00ea de kakil e, xwediy\u00ea formeke \u015fidiyay\u00ee \u00fb guvi\u015fand\u00ee ye, tekstek\u00ee \u00eentens\u00eev e, dih\u00eale ku xwendevan z\u00fbtir \u00fb k\u00fbrtir t\u00eabig\u00eah\u00eeje, di prosay\u00ea de desthilatiyeke huner\u00ee ye. Novel Li gor l\u00eakol\u00eeneran, novel peyveke \u00eetal\u00ee ye \u00fb t\u00ea maneya n\u00fb\u00e7e \u00fb n\u00fby\u00een\u00ea. Et\u00eemolojiya gotina novel\u00ea bi maneya xwe ya \u00eetal\u00ee weke n\u00fb\u00e7e, n\u00fby\u00een\u00ea t\u00ea zan\u00een. Ev gotin cara p\u00ea\u015f\u00een di deftera r\u00eadar\u00ean keyser […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_editorskit_title_hidden":false,"_editorskit_reading_time":0,"_editorskit_is_block_options_detached":false,"_editorskit_block_options_position":"{}","footnotes":""},"categories":[33],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cultureproject.org.uk\/kurdish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6850"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cultureproject.org.uk\/kurdish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cultureproject.org.uk\/kurdish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cultureproject.org.uk\/kurdish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cultureproject.org.uk\/kurdish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6850"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cultureproject.org.uk\/kurdish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6850\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cultureproject.org.uk\/kurdish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6850"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cultureproject.org.uk\/kurdish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6850"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cultureproject.org.uk\/kurdish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6850"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}