{"id":28915,"date":"2026-10-25T21:01:18","date_gmt":"2026-10-25T21:01:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cultureproject.org.uk\/kurdish\/?p=28915"},"modified":"2026-10-25T21:49:44","modified_gmt":"2026-10-25T21:49:44","slug":"ashnag-asmaan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cultureproject.org.uk\/kurdish\/ashnag-asmaan\/","title":{"rendered":"\u06a9\u06c6\u0633\u0645\u06c6\u0644\u06c6\u0698\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u06a9\u06cc \u0648 \u0628\u06d5\u0631\u062f\u06d5\u0648\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06cc \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062c\u0648\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u06d5 \u0647\u0632\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u06c6\u0645\u06d5\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0632\u0627\u06af\u0631\u06c6\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u0627"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n<p id=\"pvc_stats_28915\" class=\"pvc_stats total_only  \" data-element-id=\"28915\" style=\"\"><i class=\"pvc-stats-icon medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" version=\"1.0\" viewBox=\"0 0 502 315\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\"><g transform=\"translate(0,332) scale(0.1,-0.1)\" fill=\"\" stroke=\"none\"><path d=\"M2394 3279 l-29 -30 -3 -207 c-2 -182 0 -211 15 -242 39 -76 157 -76 196 0 15 31 17 60 15 243 l-3 209 -33 29 c-26 23 -41 29 -80 29 -41 0 -53 -5 -78 -31z\"\/><path d=\"M3085 3251 c-45 -19 -58 -50 -96 -229 -47 -217 -49 -260 -13 -295 52 -53 146 -42 177 20 16 31 87 366 87 410 0 70 -86 122 -155 94z\"\/><path d=\"M1751 3234 c-13 -9 -29 -31 -37 -50 -12 -29 -10 -49 21 -204 19 -94 39 -189 45 -210 14 -50 54 -80 110 -80 34 0 48 6 76 34 21 21 34 44 34 59 0 14 -18 113 -40 219 -37 178 -43 195 -70 221 -36 32 -101 37 -139 11z\"\/><path d=\"M1163 3073 c-36 -7 -73 -59 -73 -102 0 -56 133 -378 171 -413 34 -32 83 -37 129 -13 70 36 67 87 -16 290 -86 209 -89 214 -129 231 -35 14 -42 15 -82 7z\"\/><path d=\"M3689 3066 c-15 -9 -33 -30 -42 -48 -48 -103 -147 -355 -147 -375 0 -98 131 -148 192 -74 13 15 57 108 97 206 80 196 84 226 37 273 -30 30 -99 39 -137 18z\"\/><path d=\"M583 2784 c-38 -19 -67 -74 -58 -113 9 -42 211 -354 242 -373 16 -10 45 -18 66 -18 51 0 107 52 107 100 0 39 -1 41 -124 234 -80 126 -108 162 -133 173 -41 17 -61 16 -100 -3z\"\/><path d=\"M4250 2784 c-14 -9 -74 -91 -133 -183 -95 -150 -107 -173 -107 -213 0 -55 33 -94 87 -104 67 -13 90 8 211 198 130 202 137 225 78 284 -27 27 -42 34 -72 34 -22 0 -50 -8 -64 -16z\"\/><path d=\"M2275 2693 c-553 -48 -1095 -270 -1585 -649 -135 -104 -459 -423 -483 -476 -23 -49 -22 -139 2 -186 73 -142 361 -457 571 -626 285 -228 642 -407 990 -497 242 -63 336 -73 660 -74 310 0 370 5 595 52 535 111 1045 392 1455 803 122 121 250 273 275 326 19 41 19 137 0 174 -41 79 -309 363 -465 492 -447 370 -946 591 -1479 653 -113 14 -422 18 -536 8z m395 -428 c171 -34 330 -124 456 -258 112 -119 167 -219 211 -378 27 -96 24 -300 -5 -401 -72 -255 -236 -447 -474 -557 -132 -62 -201 -76 -368 -76 -167 0 -236 14 -368 76 -213 98 -373 271 -451 485 -162 444 86 934 547 1084 153 49 292 57 452 25z m909 -232 c222 -123 408 -262 593 -441 76 -74 138 -139 138 -144 0 -16 -233 -242 -330 -319 -155 -123 -309 -223 -461 -299 l-81 -41 32 46 c18 26 49 83 70 128 143 306 141 649 -6 957 -25 52 -61 116 -79 142 l-34 47 45 -20 c26 -10 76 -36 113 -56z m-2057 25 c-40 -58 -105 -190 -130 -263 -110 -324 -59 -707 132 -981 25 -35 42 -64 37 -64 -19 0 -241 119 -326 174 -188 122 -406 314 -532 468 l-58 71 108 103 c185 178 428 349 672 473 66 33 121 60 123 61 2 0 -10 -19 -26 -42z\"\/><path d=\"M2375 1950 c-198 -44 -350 -190 -395 -379 -18 -76 -8 -221 19 -290 114 -284 457 -406 731 -260 98 52 188 154 231 260 27 69 37 214 19 290 -38 163 -166 304 -326 360 -67 23 -215 33 -279 19z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/i> <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"Loading\" src=\"https:\/\/cultureproject.org.uk\/kurdish\/wp-content\/plugins\/page-views-count\/ajax-loader-2x.gif\" border=0 \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n<p class=\"p1\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"><b>\u0626\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0627\u06af \u200f(an-\u0161ag<\/b><span class=\"s1\"><b>\u2084<\/b><\/span><b>\u200e)\u200f: \u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06cc \u0626\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"><b>\u06a9\u06c6\u0633\u0645\u06c6\u0644\u06c6\u0698\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u06a9\u06cc \u0648 \u0628\u06d5\u0631\u062f\u06d5\u0648\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06cc \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062c\u0648\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u06d5 \u0647\u0632\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u06c6\u0645\u06d5\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0632\u0627\u06af\u0631\u06c6\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u0627<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0633\u06d5\u0628\u0627\u062d \u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0646<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_28714\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-28714\" style=\"width: 231px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-28714\" src=\"http:\/\/cultureproject.org.uk\/kurdish\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/a9ef6ad6-8451-43a4-aadf-873be81c0ea4_cx5_cy0_cw91_w1080_h608-344x400.jpg\" alt=\"\u0633\u06d5\u0628\u0627\u062d \u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0646\" width=\"231\" height=\"269\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cultureproject.org.uk\/kurdish\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/a9ef6ad6-8451-43a4-aadf-873be81c0ea4_cx5_cy0_cw91_w1080_h608-344x400.jpg 344w, https:\/\/cultureproject.org.uk\/kurdish\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/a9ef6ad6-8451-43a4-aadf-873be81c0ea4_cx5_cy0_cw91_w1080_h608.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 231px) 100vw, 231px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-28714\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0633\u06d5\u0628\u0627\u062d \u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0646<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"p3\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"><b>\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062a\u06d5<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\">\u0626\u06d5\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06d5 \u0648\u0634\u06d5\u06cc \u0633\u06c6\u0645\u06d5\u0631\u06cc\u06cc an-\u0161ag<span class=\"s2\">\u2084<\/span>\u200e \u200f(<span class=\"s3\">\ud808\udc2d\ud808\udeae<\/span>\u200e)\u200f \u062f\u06d5\u062e\u0648\u06ce\u0646\u06ce\u062a\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u060c \u06a9\u06d5 ePSD2\u200e \u0628\u06d5 \u00ab\u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06cc \u0626\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646\u00bb \u0644\u06ce\u06a9\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u062a\u06d5\u0648\u06d5 \u0648 \u0628\u06d5\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0628\u06d5\u0631\u06d5 \u0626\u06d5\u06a9\u06d5\u062f\u06cc\u06cc\u06d5\u06a9\u06d5\u06cc qereb \u0161am\u00ea\u200e \u0640\u06cc\u06d5. \u0648\u0634\u06d5\u06a9\u06d5 \u0644\u06d5 \u062f\u0648\u0648 \u0628\u06d5\u0634 \u067e\u06ce\u06a9 \u0647\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0648\u06d5: an\u200e \u00ab\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0633\u06d5\u0631\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u060c \u062a\u0627\u062c\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u00bb \u0648 \u0161ag<span class=\"s2\">\u2084<\/span>\u200e \u00ab\u062f\u06b5\u060c \u0647\u06d5\u0646\u0627\u0648\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u00bb. \u067e\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06d5\u06a9\u06d5\u0645 \u0626\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06cc\u06d5: \u0628\u06c6\u0686\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u06c6\u06a4\u06cc \u062c\u0648\u0648\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0626\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u06d5 \u0648\u06ce\u0646\u06d5\u06cc \u062f\u06b5 \u0648 \u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u0648\u06d5 \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u06d5\u060c \u0648 \u0626\u06d5\u0645 \u0648\u06ce\u0646\u06d5\u06cc\u06d5 \u0686\u06c6\u0646 \u0644\u06d5 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u062a\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u061f \u067e\u06ce\u0634\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u06d5\u06a9\u06d5\u0645 an-\u0161ag<span class=\"s2\">\u2084<\/span>\u200e \u0648\u06d5\u06a9 \u062f\u06d5\u0631\u0628\u0695\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u062c\u06cc\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u06cc\u06d5\u06a9\u06cc \u062c\u06d5\u0633\u062a\u06d5\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u062e\u0648\u06ce\u0646\u0631\u06ce\u062a\u06d5\u0648\u06d5 \u06a9\u06d5 \u0626\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0626\u0627\u0648\u060c \u0695\u0648\u0648\u0646\u0627\u06a9\u06cc \u0648 \u062f\u06b5\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u06c6\u06a4 \u0644\u06d5 \u06cc\u06d5\u06a9 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u06c6 \u062f\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u062a\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u060c \u0648 \u0695\u06d5\u06af\u06cc \u0644\u06d5 \u0626\u06d5\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u062c\u0648\u0648\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0632\u0627\u06af\u0631\u06c6\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06d5\u0647\u06c6\u06b5\u0628\u06d5\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u06d5: \u06af\u06d5\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u06cc \u06af\u06d5\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u06d5 \u06af\u06d5\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u06b5 \u067e\u06ce\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06d5 \u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u060c \u0648\u06d5\u06a9 \u0644\u06d5 \u00ab\u0626\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0644\u06d5 \u062f\u06b5\u0645 \u0628\u06d5\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0648\u00bb \u0648 \u00ab\u062f\u06b5\u0645 \u0628\u06c6\u06cc \u062f\u06d5\u0633\u0648\u0648\u062a\u06ce\u062a\u00bb\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0648 \u0645\u06cc\u0647\u0631\u06d5\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u06cc \u0626\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06d5 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u06b5 \u062f\u06d5\u0631\u0628\u0695\u0627\u0648\u06d5. \u0626\u06d5\u0645 \u062e\u0648\u06ce\u0646\u062f\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06cc\u06d5 \u0628\u06d5 \u062f\u0627\u062a\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u06c6\u0644\u06c6\u0698\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u06d5 \u0648\u0634\u06d5 \u0648 \u062f\u06d5\u0631\u0628\u0695\u06cc\u0646\u06d5 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u06cc\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0628\u06d5 \u0634\u0648\u06ce\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u0627\u0631\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u06ce \u0645\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u062f\u06d5\u06a9\u06d5\u0645\u06d5\u0648\u06d5. \u0686\u06d5\u0645\u06a9\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u00ab\u06af\u06d5\u0645\u06d5\u06cc \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u00bb \u0648 \u00ab\u0634\u06ce\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0698\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u00bb\u06cc \u06a4\u06cc\u062a\u06af\u0646\u0634\u062a\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u06c6 \u0626\u06d5\u0648\u06d5 \u0628\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u06d5\u0647\u06ce\u0646\u0645 \u06a9\u06d5 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u06cc an-\u0161ag<span class=\"s2\">\u2084<\/span>\u200e \u0644\u06d5 \u0628\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u06ce\u0646\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u06ce\u0646\u0645\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u060c \u0646\u06d5\u06a9 \u0648\u06d5\u06a9 \u0628\u06d5\u06b5\u06af\u06d5 \u0628\u06c6 \u0695\u06d5\u0686\u06d5\u06b5\u06d5\u06a9\u06cc \u0648\u0634\u06d5\u06a9\u06d5\u061b \u0648 \u0647\u06d5\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0631\u06ce\u06a9 \u062e\u0648\u06ce\u0646\u062f\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06a9\u06d5 \u0628\u06d5\u06b5\u06af\u06d5\u06cc \u0695\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06d5\u0648\u062e\u06c6\u06cc \u0646\u06d5\u0628\u06ce\u062a\u060c \u0628\u06d5 \u062f\u06d5\u0631\u0628\u0695\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0648\u06d5\u06a9 \u00ab\u067e\u06ce\u062f\u06d5\u0686\u06ce\u062a\u00bb\u060c \u00ab\u0644\u06d5\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06d5\u06cc\u06d5\u00bb \u0648 \u00ab\u062f\u06d5\u06a9\u0631\u06ce\u062a\u2026 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u06ce\u0646\u0631\u06ce\u062a\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u00bb \u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u06d5\u06a9\u06d5\u0645.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"><b>\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u06c6\u0644\u06c6\u0698\u06cc<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\">\u0633\u06d5\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0698\u06d5: an\u0161ag\u200e [~HEAVEN\u200e]\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0648\u061b \u0646\u0648\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0646: an-\u0161ag<span class=\"s2\">\u2084<\/span>\u200e \u200f(<span class=\"s3\">\ud808\udc2d\ud808\udeae<\/span>\u200e)\u200f\u061b \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627: \u00ab\u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06cc \u0626\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646\u00bb\u061b \u0626\u06d5\u06a9\u06d5\u062f\u06cc: qereb \u0161am\u00ea\u200e \u200f(ePSD2\u200e [\u0661])\u200f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\">\u0644\u06d5 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0641\u06d5\u0631\u0647\u06d5\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u062f\u0627: an-\u0161ag<span class=\"s2\">\u2084<\/span>-ga\u200e = qe<span class=\"s2\">\u2082<\/span>-reb AN-e\u200e\u060c \u00ab\u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06cc \u0626\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646\u00bb [\u0662].<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\">\u0628\u06d5\u0634\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646: an\u200e\u060c \u0626\u06d5\u06a9\u06d5\u062f\u06cc \u0161am\u00fb\u200e\u060c \u00ab\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646\u061b \u0633\u06d5\u0631\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u061b \u062a\u0627\u062c\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u00bb\u061b \u0648 \u0161ag<span class=\"s2\">\u2084<\/span>\u200e \u200f(\u0161a<span class=\"s2\">\u2083<\/span>\u200e)\u200f\u060c \u0626\u06d5\u06a9\u06d5\u062f\u06cc libbu\u200e\u060c \u00ab\u062f\u06b5\u061b \u0647\u06d5\u0646\u0627\u0648\u061b \u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06cc \u062c\u06d5\u0633\u062a\u06d5\u00bb \u200f(ePSD2\u200e)\u200f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"><b>\u062e\u0634\u062a\u06d5\u06cc \u0661. \u0628\u06d5\u06b5\u06af\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc an-\u0161ag<\/b><span class=\"s4\"><b>\u2084<\/b><\/span><b>\u200e \u0628\u06d5 \u067e\u06ce\u06cc \u0633\u06d5\u0631\u062f\u06d5\u0645 \u200f(ePSD2\u200e)\u200f<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<table class=\"t1 aligncenter\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"td1\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"p6\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"><b>\u0633\u06d5\u0631\u062f\u06d5\u0645<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"td2\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"p6\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"><b>\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06d5\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u062a \u200f(\u067e.\u0632)\u200f<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"td3\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"p6\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"><b>\u0698\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06d5<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"td4\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"p6\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"><b>\u0695\u06ce\u0698\u06d5<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"td5\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"p6\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\">\u062f\u06ce\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0646\u06d5\u0645\u0627\u06b5\u06d5\u06cc\u06cc IIIa\u200e<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"td6\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"p6\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\">\u0662\u0666\u0660\u0660\u2013\u0662\u0665\u0660\u0660<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"td7\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"p6\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\">\u0661<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"td8\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"p6\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\">\u066a\u0662<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"td9\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"p6\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\">\u0626\u06d5\u06a9\u06d5\u062f\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u06c6\u0646 \u0648 \u0644\u06d5\u06af\u06d5\u0634\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0648\u06d5\u0645<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"td10\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"p6\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\">\u0662\u0663\u0665\u0660\u2013\u0662\u0661\u0660\u0660<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"td11\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"p6\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\">\u0665<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"td12\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"p6\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\">\u066a\u0668<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"td13\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"p6\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\">\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u06c6\u0646<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"td14\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"p6\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\">\u0662\u0660\u0660\u0660\u2013\u0661\u0666\u0660\u0660<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"td15\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"p6\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\">\u0665\u0663<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"td16\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"p6\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\">\u066a\u0668\u0665<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"td17\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"p6\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\">\u0626\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u06ce \u0648 \u06cc\u06c6\u0646\u0627\u0646\u06cc<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"td18\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"p6\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\">\u0669\u0660\u0660\u2013\u0661\u0660\u0660<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"td19\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"p6\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\">\u0663<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"td20\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"p6\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\">\u066a\u0665<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p class=\"p4\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\">\u0695\u06ce\u0698\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u06d5\u062f\u06d5\u0646 \u06a9\u06d5 \u0632\u06c6\u0631\u0628\u06d5\u06cc \u0628\u06d5\u06b5\u06af\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u06d5 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u06c6\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062a\u06d5 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u06cc \u0626\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06cc \u0633\u06c6\u0645\u06d5\u0631\u06cc \u0648\u06d5\u06a9 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0642\u0633\u06d5\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0646\u06d5\u0645\u0627 \u0648 \u0628\u0648\u0648 \u0628\u06d5 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0632\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u061b \u0628\u06d5\u06b5\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0634\u06d5\u06a9\u06d5 \u0644\u06d5 \u0633\u06d5\u0631\u062f\u06d5\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u06ce\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0646\u06d5\u0645\u0627\u06b5\u06d5\u06cc\u06cc\u0634\u062f\u0627 \u0647\u06d5\u0628\u0648\u0648\u06d5\u060c \u0648 \u062a\u0627 \u0633\u06d5\u0631\u062f\u06d5\u0645\u06cc \u06cc\u06c6\u0646\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u0646\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06d5\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0648 \u0647\u06d5\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u067e\u06ce\u0646\u062c \u0633\u06d5\u062f \u0633\u0627\u06b5\u060c \u0644\u06d5 \u062f\u06d5\u0642\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u062a\u06d5\u0648\u06d5.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"><b>\u067e\u06ce\u0634\u06d5\u06a9\u06cc: \u0626\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u06d5\u06a9 \u062f\u06b5<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\">\u0644\u06d5 \u0641\u06d5\u0631\u0647\u06d5\u0646\u06af\u06cc \u0633\u06c6\u0645\u06d5\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u0626\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06d5 an-\u0161ag<span class=\"s2\">\u2084<\/span>\u200e\u060c \u00ab\u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06cc \u0626\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646\u00bb\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0648\u06d5. \u0626\u06d5\u0645 \u0648\u0634\u06d5 \u0644\u06ce\u06a9\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0648\u06d5 \u0626\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u06d5\u06a9 \u0628\u06c6\u0634\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u06d5\u06a9\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0648\u0631 \u0648 \u0626\u06d5\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u062a \u0646\u06cc\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u06d5\u06b5\u06a9\u0648 \u0648\u06d5\u06a9 \u0644\u06d5\u0634\u06ce\u06a9\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0648 \u06a9\u06d5 \u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u0648\u06d5 \u0648 \u062f\u06b5\u06cc \u0647\u06d5\u06cc\u06d5: an\u200e \u0628\u06d5\u0631\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u0627\u062c\u06d5\u060c \u0648 \u0161ag<span class=\"s2\">\u2084<\/span>\u200e \u062f\u06b5\u060c \u0647\u06d5\u0646\u0627\u0648 \u0648 \u0642\u0648\u0648\u06b5\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06cc\u06d5. \u067e\u06ce\u062f\u06d5\u0686\u06ce\u062a \u0626\u06d5\u0645\u06d5 \u0628\u0646\u06d5\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u06cc\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u06cc\u06d5\u06a9\u06cc \u062c\u0648\u0648\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u06ce\u062a \u06a9\u06d5 \u06af\u06d5\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u06d5 \u067e\u06ce\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06d5\u06cc \u062c\u06d5\u0633\u062a\u06d5\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u06c6\u06a4 \u062e\u0648\u06ce\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0648\u06d5\u062a\u06d5\u0648\u06d5: \u0647\u06d5\u0631\u0648\u06d5\u06a9 \u0645\u0631\u06c6\u06a4 \u0633\u06d5\u0631 \u0648 \u062f\u06b5\u06cc \u0647\u06d5\u06cc\u06d5\u060c \u0626\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0634 \u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648 \u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06cc \u0647\u06d5\u06cc\u06d5.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"><b>\u0661. \u06af\u06d5\u0645\u06d5\u06cc \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0634\u06ce\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0698\u06cc\u0627\u0646: \u0633\u0648\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0648\u0631<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\">\u06a4\u06cc\u062a\u06af\u0646\u0634\u062a\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u06d5\u06b5\u06ce\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0634\u06d5 \u0644\u06d5 \u0628\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u06ce\u0646\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u06d5\u060c \u0648 \u0647\u06d5\u0631 \u00ab\u06af\u06d5\u0645\u06d5\u06cc\u06d5\u06a9\u06cc \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u00bb \u200f(Sprachspiel\u200e)\u200f \u0644\u06d5 \u0646\u0627\u0648 \u00ab\u0634\u06ce\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06ce\u06a9\u06cc \u0698\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u00bb \u200f(Lebensform\u200e)\u200f\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u062a \u200f(Wittgenstein 1953\u200e [\u0663])\u200f. \u0626\u06d5\u0645 \u0686\u06d5\u0645\u06a9\u06d5 \u0628\u06c6 an-\u0161ag<span class=\"s2\">\u2084<\/span>\u200e \u062f\u0648\u0648 \u0633\u0648\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0647\u06d5\u06cc\u06d5 \u0648 \u06cc\u06d5\u06a9 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0648\u0631. \u0633\u0648\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u06cc\u06d5\u06a9\u06d5\u0645: \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0634\u06d5\u06a9\u06d5 \u062a\u06d5\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u06d5 \u0641\u06d5\u0631\u0647\u06d5\u0646\u06af\u062f\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u06cc\u06d5\u060c \u0628\u06d5\u06b5\u06a9\u0648 \u0644\u06d5\u0648 \u0695\u06ce\u0648\u0695\u06d5\u0633\u0645\u060c \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0642\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06d5\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u06d5 \u06a9\u06d5 \u062a\u06ce\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0648\u06d5. \u0633\u0648\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0648\u06d5\u0645: \u062f\u06d5\u0631\u0628\u0695\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0648\u06d5\u06a9 \u00ab\u0626\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0644\u06d5 \u062f\u06b5\u0645 \u0628\u06d5\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0648\u00bb \u0648 \u00ab\u062f\u06b5\u0645 \u0628\u06c6\u06cc \u062f\u06d5\u0633\u0648\u0648\u062a\u06ce\u062a\u00bb \u0648\u06d5\u0633\u0641\u06cc \u0626\u06d5\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0645\u06ce\u06a9\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u06a9\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0628\u06d5\u06b5\u06a9\u0648 \u0628\u06d5\u0634\u06ce\u06a9\u0646 \u0644\u06d5 \u06af\u06d5\u0645\u06d5\u06cc\u06d5\u06a9\u06cc \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u0648\u0628\u06d5\u0634 \u06a9\u06d5 \u062e\u06c6\u0634\u06d5\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u060c \u062e\u06d5\u0645 \u0648 \u0645\u06cc\u0647\u0631\u06d5\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062a\u06ce\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u06d5 \u06af\u06d5\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u0648 \u0626\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u062f\u06d5\u0631\u062f\u06d5\u0628\u0695\u062f\u0631\u06ce\u0646\u061b \u0647\u06d5\u0631 \u0628\u06d5\u0645 \u0634\u06ce\u0648\u06d5\u06cc\u06d5\u060c \u0161ag<span class=\"s2\">\u2084<\/span>\u200e \u06cc \u0626\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u00ab\u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u00bb\u06cc\u06d5\u06a9\u06cc \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0648\u06d5 \u0646\u06cc\u06cc\u06d5\u060c \u0628\u06d5\u06b5\u06a9\u0648 \u0634\u06ce\u0648\u06d5\u06cc\u06d5\u06a9\u06cc \u0642\u0633\u06d5\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u06d5 \u062f\u06d5\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631\u06d5\u06cc \u0626\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u06d5\u06a9 \u0644\u06d5\u0634\u06ce\u06a9\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0648. \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0648\u0631\u06d5\u06a9\u06d5\u0634 \u0626\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06cc\u06d5 \u06a9\u06d5 \u06a4\u06cc\u062a\u06af\u0646\u0634\u062a\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0695\u06ce\u0628\u0627\u0632\u06ce\u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u06ce\u0698\u0648\u0648\u06cc\u06cc \u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0695\u06cc\u0634\u06d5\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u067e\u06ce\u0634\u06a9\u06d5\u0634 \u0646\u0627\u06a9\u0627\u062a: \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u06d5 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\u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06cc \u062c\u06d5\u0633\u062a\u06d5 \u062f\u06d5\u0631\u062f\u06d5\u0628\u0695\u06ce\u062a \u200f(Lakoff &amp; Johnson 1999\u200e)\u200f. \u0644\u06d5\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06d5\u06cc\u06d5 \u062c\u0648\u0648\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06ce\u06a9\u06cc \u062f\u06ce\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u06ce\u06a9 \u0626\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u06d5 \u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u0648\u06d5 \u0648 \u062f\u06b5 \u0646\u0627\u0648 \u062f\u06d5\u0628\u0631\u062f\u060c \u062f\u06b5\u06cc \u062e\u06c6\u06cc \u0648 \u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06cc \u0626\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0644\u06d5 \u06cc\u06d5\u06a9 \u06af\u06d5\u0645\u06d5\u06cc \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u0648\u0633\u06d5\u0646\u06af \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0628\u06ce\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\">\u0646\u0648\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a \u0646\u06d5\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0628\u06d5\u06b5\u06a9\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06d5\u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u06c6\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u06d5 \u067e\u06ce\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0644\u06d5 \u06af\u0648\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0647\u06d5\u0628\u0648\u0648. \u0695\u06d5\u06af\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u06c6\u06cc \u0644\u06d5 \u062a\u06c6\u06a9\u0646\u06cc \u0698\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646\u06cc \u06af\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06d5 \u062c\u0648\u0648\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u06cc\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u06d5\u060c \u0644\u06d5 \u0646\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06d5\u06cc \u0668\u0660\u0660\u0660 \u067e.\u0632\u0640\u06d5\u0648\u06d5 \u200f(Schmandt-Besserat 1992\u200e)\u200f\u060c \u0648 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06af\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648 \u062c\u06cc\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u06cc \u062e\u06c6\u06cc 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Scott\u200e \u200f(2017)\u200f \u0646\u06cc\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u06d5\u062f\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u06d5 \u062f\u06d5\u0648\u06b5\u06d5\u062a\u06d5 \u06cc\u06d5\u06a9\u06d5\u0645\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u06c6 \u062a\u06c6\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u062c\u06af\u0631\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06ce\u06b5\u06d5\u06cc \u062c\u0648\u0648\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0648\u0646. \u0644\u06ce\u0631\u06d5\u062f\u0627 \u062c\u06cc\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u06cc\u06d5\u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u0646\u06d5\u0695\u06d5\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u06d5\u0631\u062f\u06d5\u06a9\u06d5\u0648\u06ce\u062a \u0644\u06d5 \u0646\u06ce\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0647\u06ce\u0646\u06d5\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u060c \u06a9\u06d5 \u062c\u0648\u0648\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06d5\u060c \u0648 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\u062f\u06d5\u0631\u0628\u0695\u06cc\u0646\u06d5 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u06cc\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u06b5 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u06ce\u0648\u06d5 \u0648\u06d5\u0631\u06af\u0631\u062a\u0648\u0648\u06d5. \u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0695\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06d5\u0648\u062e\u06c6 \u0628\u06af\u06d5\u06cc\u0646\u06d5 \u06af\u0648\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u067e\u06ce\u0634 \u0646\u0648\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0628\u06c6\u06cc\u06d5 \u0644\u06d5 \u0695\u06ce\u06cc \u062f\u06d5\u0642\u060c \u0634\u0648\u06ce\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u0626\u06d5\u0648 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06d5 \u0632\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5 \u062f\u06d5\u06cc\u062e\u0648\u06ce\u0646\u06cc\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5 \u06a9\u06d5 \u067e\u0627\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0648\u06d5\u060c \u0648\u06d5\u06a9 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u06cc \u06af\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"><b>\u0662. \u062f\u06d5\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062f\u06b5\u060c \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0648 \u062f\u06ce<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\">\u0626\u06d5\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u06d5\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u06d5\u0633\u062a\u06d5\u06cc\u06cc\u06d5 \u0644\u06d5 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06d5. \u0686\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0634\u06d5 \u06cc\u06d5\u06a9 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u06ce\u06a9 \u062f\u06d5\u0647\u06ce\u0646\u0646: \u00ab\u062f\u06d5\u0645\u0627\u0631\u00bb\u060c \u06a9\u06d5 \u0647\u06d5\u0645 \u0695\u06d5\u06af\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u06ce\u0646\u06d5 \u0644\u06d5 \u0644\u06d5\u0634\u062f\u0627 \u0648 \u0647\u06d5\u0645 \u062f\u06d5\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06af\u06d5\u06b5\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u061b \u00ab\u062f\u06b5\u00bb \u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u00ab\u062f\u0644\u00bb\u060c \u06a9\u06d5 \u0647\u06d5\u0645 \u0626\u06d5\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0698\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06d5 \u0648 \u0647\u06d5\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u0646\u062f\u061b \u00ab\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u06a9\u00bb\u060c \u0633\u06d5\u0631\u0686\u0627\u0648\u06d5 \u0648 \u0695\u06d5\u06af\u061b \u0648 \u00ab\u062f\u06ce\u00bb\u060c \u06af\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u062c\u06ce\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u06d5\u062c\u06ce\u0628\u0648\u0648\u0646. \u0626\u06d5\u0645 \u0648\u0634\u0627\u0646\u06d5 \u0648\u0627 \u062f\u06d5\u0631\u062f\u06d5\u062e\u06d5\u0646 \u06a9\u06d5 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u06d5 \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0628\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0646 \u0648 \u062f\u06d5\u0633\u062a\u0644\u06ce\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0648\u06d5: \u0626\u06d5\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06cc \u0644\u06d5\u0634\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0648\u060c \u0648\u06d5\u06a9 \u062f\u06d5\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0628\u06d5\u0633\u06d5\u0631 \u0698\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u06d5 \u0648 \u06a9\u06c6\u0645\u06d5\u06b5\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u06b5\u0627\u0648 \u0628\u0648\u0648\u06d5\u062a\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u060c \u0644\u06d5 \u062f\u06b5\u06d5\u0648\u06d5 \u0628\u06c6 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0648 \u0644\u06d5 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u06a9\u06d5\u0648\u06d5 \u0628\u06c6 \u062f\u06ce. \u0626\u06d5\u0645\u06d5 \u0647\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u06ce\u0646\u06d5\u06cc\u06d5\u060c \u0646\u06d5\u06a9 \u0695\u06cc\u0634\u06d5\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"><b>\u0663. \u0626\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u0648\u06d5: \u0633\u06ce \u0626\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u06af\u06d5\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0648\u0646<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\">an-\u0161ag<span class=\"s2\">\u2084<\/span>\u200e \u062f\u06d5\u06a9\u0631\u06ce\u062a \u0648\u06d5\u06a9 \u0628\u06d5\u0633\u062a\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06cc \u0633\u06ce \u0626\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u06af\u06d5\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u06ce\u0646\u0631\u06ce\u062a\u06d5\u0648\u06d5: \u0628\u06d5\u0631\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u0648\u06d5. \u062e\u0634\u062a\u06d5\u06cc \u0662 \u0626\u06d5\u0645 \u0626\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06d5 \u0644\u06d5\u06af\u06d5\u06b5 \u0695\u06d5\u0646\u06af \u0648 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06c6 \u062f\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u062a\u06d5\u0648\u06d5.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"><b>\u062e\u0634\u062a\u06d5\u06cc \u0662. \u0633\u06ce \u0626\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u06af\u06d5\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u06d5 an-\u0161ag<\/b><span class=\"s4\"><b>\u2084<\/b><\/span><b>\u200e\u062f\u0627 \u200f(\u062e\u0648\u06ce\u0646\u062f\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06cc \u0645\u0646)\u200f<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<table class=\"t1 aligncenter\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"td21\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"p6\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"><b>\u0626\u0627\u0633\u062a<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"td22\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"p6\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"><b>\u0633\u06c6\u0645\u06d5\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"td23\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"p6\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"><b>\u0695\u06d5\u0646\u06af \u0648 \u0626\u0627\u0648<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"td24\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"p6\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"><b>\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"td25\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"p6\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\">\u0628\u06d5\u0631\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u060c \u0626\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0633\u06d5\u0631\u06d5\u0648\u06d5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"td26\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"p6\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\">an\u200e\u061b \u00ab\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646\u00bb<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"td27\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"p6\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\">\u0633\u067e\u06cc \u0648 \u0626\u0627\u0648\u06cc \u062a\u06d5\u0646\u06a9: \u0695\u0648\u0648\u0646\u0627\u06a9\u06cc\u060c \u0633\u06d5\u0647\u06c6\u06b5\u060c \u0626\u0627\u0633\u06c6<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"td28\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"p6\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\">\u0633\u06d5\u0631\u06d5\u0648\u06d5 \u0648 \u062f\u06d5\u0631\u06d5\u0648\u06d5: \u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648 \u062a\u06c6\u0648\u06cc \u0626\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"td29\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"p6\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\">\u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u0646\u062f<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"td30\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"p6\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\">an-\u0161ag<span class=\"s5\">\u2084<\/span>\u200e \u00ab\u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06cc \u0626\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646\u00bb<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"td31\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"p6\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\">\u06cc\u06d5\u06a9\u06af\u0631\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0626\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062f\u06b5 \u0648 \u0626\u0627\u0648\u06cc \u0628\u0646\u06d5\u0695\u06d5\u062a\u06cc<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"td32\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"p6\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\">\u062f\u06b5\u06cc \u0626\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0642\u0648\u0648\u06b5\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06af\u06d5\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0648\u0646<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"td25\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"p6\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\">\u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u0648\u06d5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"td26\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"p6\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\">\u0161ag<span class=\"s5\">\u2084<\/span>\u200e \u00ab\u062f\u06b5\u060c \u0647\u06d5\u0646\u0627\u0648\u00bb\u061b \u00ab\u0634\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u00bb<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"td27\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"p6\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\">\u0634\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0634\u06d5\u0648 \u0648 \u0642\u0648\u0648\u06b5\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0626\u0627\u0648: \u00ab\u0634\u06ce\u00bb<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"td28\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"p6\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\">\u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u0648\u06d5 \u0648 \u0642\u0648\u0648\u06b5\u0627\u06cc\u06cc: \u062f\u06b5\u06cc \u0695\u0648\u0648\u0646\u0627\u06a9\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u06c6\u0648<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p class=\"p4\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\">\u062e\u0634\u062a\u06d5\u06a9\u06d5 \u062f\u0648\u0648 \u0626\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06d5 \u0646\u06cc\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u06d5\u062f\u0627\u062a: \u0644\u06d5 \u0628\u06d5\u0631\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u06d5\u0648\u06d5 \u0628\u06c6 \u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u060c \u0648 \u0644\u06d5 \u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u0648\u06d5 \u0628\u06c6 \u0628\u06d5\u0631\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u06cc. \u0626\u0627\u0648 \u0648 \u0695\u0648\u0648\u0646\u0627\u06a9\u06cc \u0644\u06d5 \u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u0646\u062f\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u06d5 \u06cc\u06d5\u06a9 \u062f\u06d5\u06af\u06d5\u0646\u060c \u0648 \u0634\u06ce \u0648 \u0632\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u06d5\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0634\u062a\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u06b5 \u0644\u06d5 \u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u0648\u06d5 \u0628\u06d5\u0631\u06d5\u0648 \u0633\u06d5\u0631\u06d5\u0648\u06d5 \u062f\u06d5\u0695\u06c6\u0646.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"><b>\u0664. \u062f\u06d5\u0646\u06af\u06cc \u00ab\u0626\u0627\u00bb: \u0626\u0627\u0648\u060c \u062a\u06c6\u0648 \u0648 \u0626\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\">\u062f\u06d5\u0646\u06af\u06cc \u00ab\u0626\u0627\u00bb \u0644\u06d5 \u0633\u06c6\u0645\u06d5\u0631\u06cc \u200f(an\u200e\u060c a\u200e \u00ab\u0626\u0627\u0648\u060c \u062a\u06c6\u0648\u00bb)\u200f \u0648 \u0644\u06d5 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u200f(\u0626\u0627\u0648\u060c \u0626\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646)\u200f \u0648\u06ce\u0646\u06d5\u06cc \u0626\u0627\u0648\u060c \u062a\u06c6\u0648\u060c \u0628\u06d5\u067e\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0648 \u0628\u06d5\u0631\u0632\u06cc \u0647\u06d5\u06b5\u062f\u06d5\u06af\u0631\u06ce\u062a. \u0695\u06d5\u0686\u06d5\u06b5\u06d5\u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0648\u06cc \u00ab\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646\u00bb \u0626\u06ce\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u06c6\u0646\u06cc asman-\u200e \u0640\u06d5\u060c \u0628\u06d5 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0627\u06cc \u00ab\u0628\u06d5\u0631\u062f\u00bb \u0648 \u00ab\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646\u00bb\u060c \u0648 \u0644\u06d5 \u06a9\u06c6\u0633\u0645\u06c6\u0644\u06c6\u0698\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u06d5\u0631\u062f\u06d5\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u0626\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u06d5 \u0628\u06d5\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0648 [\u0664]\u061b \u0628\u06d5\u06b5\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u06d5 \u0626\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0648\u06ce\u0646\u06d5\u062f\u0627 \u062f\u06d5\u06a9\u0631\u06ce\u062a \u00ab\u0626\u0627\u00bb\u06cc \u0626\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u00ab\u0626\u0627\u00bb\u06cc \u0626\u0627\u0648 \u0644\u06d5 \u06cc\u06d5\u06a9 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u06ce\u0646\u0631\u06ce\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5. \u0644\u06d5 \u0633\u06c6\u0645\u06d5\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u0626\u0627\u0648 \u0695\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06d5\u0648\u062e\u06c6 \u0628\u06d5 \u062a\u06c6\u0648 \u0648 \u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u0648\u06d5 \u0628\u06d5\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u060c 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\u0628\u06d5\u0634\u06cc \u0633\u06d5\u0631\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u060c \u06a9\u06d5 \u0695\u0648\u0648\u0646\u0627\u06a9\u06cc \u0648 \u0632\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0646\u06d5\u060c \u0648 \u0628\u06d5\u0634\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u06d5\u0648\u06d5 \u200f(Kotwal &amp; Choksy 2014\u200e)\u200f. \u0644\u06d5\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06d5\u06cc\u06d5 \u067e\u0634\u062a\u06ce\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0648 \u06a9\u0648\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06cc \u0632\u06d5\u0631\u062f\u06d5\u0634\u062a\u06cc \u0647\u06d5\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u06ce\u0646\u06d5\u06cc \u06a9\u06c6\u0646 \u0647\u06d5\u06b5\u0628\u06af\u0631\u0646\u060c \u0628\u06d5\u06b5\u0627\u0645 \u0626\u06d5\u0645 \u067e\u06d5\u06cc\u0648\u06d5\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u06cc\u06d5 \u067e\u06ce\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u06d5 \u062a\u0648\u06ce\u0698\u06cc\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u0631\u06d5.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; 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geneva;\">\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u06cc \u00ab\u0695\u06c6\u0698\u0647\u06d5\u06b5\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u0695\u0627\u0633\u062a\u00bb \u200f(Middle East\u200e)\u200f \u0646\u0627\u0648\u0686\u06d5\u06a9\u06d5 \u0644\u06d5 \u0626\u06d5\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0648\u067e\u0627\u0648\u06d5 \u062f\u06d5\u067e\u06ce\u0648\u06ce\u062a \u200f(Koppes 1976\u200e)\u200f\u061b \u0628\u06d5\u06b5\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u062c\u06ce\u06cc \u062e\u06c6\u06cc \u0628\u06d5 \u0626\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u06ce\u0648\u0627\u0648\u06d5: \u00ab\u062e\u06c6\u0631\u0647\u06d5\u06b5\u0627\u062a\u00bb \u0648 \u00ab\u062e\u06c6\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0648\u0627\u00bb \u062f\u0648\u0648 \u0644\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u06d5\u0648\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u06d5 \u0647\u06d5\u06b5\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0646 \u0648 \u0626\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u0647\u06d5\u062a\u0627\u0648\u060c \u0648 \u00ab\u0628\u0627\u06a9\u0648\u0648\u0631\u00bb \u0648 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\u062f\u06d5\u062f\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u06d5 \u0645\u0631\u06c6\u06a4\u06cc \u062c\u0648\u0648\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0626\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0648\u06d5\u06a9 \u0644\u06d5\u0634\u06ce\u06a9\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u06d5 \u06a9\u06d5 \u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648 \u062f\u06b5\u06cc \u0647\u06d5\u06cc\u06d5. \u067e\u06ce\u062f\u06d5\u0686\u06ce\u062a \u0626\u06d5\u0645 \u0648\u06ce\u0646\u06d5\u06cc\u06d5 \u0644\u06d5 \u0626\u06d5\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u062c\u06d5\u0633\u062a\u06d5\u06cc\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0628\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0646 \u0648 \u0647\u06d5\u0633\u062a\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0648 \u0644\u06d5 \u0698\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0634\u062a\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u06b5\u06cc\u06cc \u0632\u0627\u06af\u0631\u06c6\u0633\u06d5\u0648\u06d5 \u0647\u0627\u062a\u0628\u06ce\u062a\u060c \u0648 \u0644\u06d5 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u06d5 \u0648\u0634\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u00ab\u062f\u06d5\u0645\u0627\u0631\u00bb\u060c \u00ab\u062f\u06b5\u00bb\u060c \u00ab\u062e\u0648\u06ce\u0646\u00bb\u060c \u00ab\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u06a9\u00bb\u060c \u00ab\u062f\u06ce\u00bb\u060c \u00ab\u0634\u06ce\u00bb\u060c \u00ab\u0634\u06cc\u0646\u00bb \u0648 \u00ab\u0634\u06d5\u0648\u00bb\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0628\u06ce\u062a\u06d5\u0648\u06d5. \u0633\u06c6\u0645\u06d5\u0631\u06cc \u0626\u06d5\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06cc\u06d5\u06cc \u0628\u06d5 \u0161ag<span class=\"s2\">\u2084<\/span>\u200e \u062f\u06d5\u0631\u0628\u0695\u06cc\u0648\u06d5\u060c \u0648 \u062c\u0648\u0648\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0628\u06d5 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062e\u06c6\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0648\u06cc\u06d5\u062a\u06cc. \u0626\u06d5\u0645 \u0628\u06d5\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06d5 \u0647\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u06ce\u0646\u06d5 \u0648 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0646\u06d5\u06a9 \u0695\u06d5\u0686\u06d5\u06b5\u06d5\u06a9\u06cc \u062f\u06d5\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u061b \u0648 \u0695\u06cc\u0634\u06d5\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0648\u06cc \u0648\u0634\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u06d5 \u067e\u06d5\u0631\u0627\u0648\u06ce\u0632\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u062a\u06c6\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0648\u06d5.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"><b>\u067e\u06d5\u0631\u0627\u0648\u06ce\u0632\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\">[\u0661] ePSD2\u200e\u060c \u0648\u0634\u06d5\u06cc an\u0161ag\u200e\u060c o0024225\u200e \u200f(\u0648\u06d5\u0634\u0627\u0646\u06cc 2.7.2\u060c \u0662\u0660\u0662\u0664)\u200f: \u0666\u0662 \u0628\u06d5\u06b5\u06af\u06d5\u060c \u0644\u06d5 \u062f\u06ce\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0646\u06d5\u0645\u0627\u06b5\u06d5\u06cc\u06cc IIIa\u200e \u062a\u0627 \u0633\u06d5\u0631\u062f\u06d5\u0645\u06cc \u06cc\u06c6\u0646\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u061b \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627: the interior of heaven\u200e\u061b \u0626\u06d5\u06a9\u06d5\u062f\u06cc: qereb \u0161am\u00ea.\u200e \u0647\u06d5\u0631\u0648\u06d5\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0695\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06d5 OrNS 70\u200e\u060c \u0644\u0627\u067e\u06d5\u0695\u06d5 \u0662\u0661\u0660\u2013\u0662\u0661\u0661.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\">[\u0662] CT 19\u200e\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06c6\u06cc \u0661\u0667\u2013\u0661\u0669\u060c K 04386\u200e+ \u0695\u0648\u0648\u06cc \u067e\u0634\u062a\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u060c \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u06cc\u06d5\u06a9\u06d5\u0645\u060c \u062f\u06ce\u0695\u06cc \u0665\u0666. \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u06d5 \u0641\u06d5\u0631\u0647\u06d5\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u06cc\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0634\u06d5\u06cc \u0633\u06c6\u0645\u06d5\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0628\u06d5\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0628\u06d5\u0631\u06d5 \u0626\u06d5\u06a9\u06d5\u062f\u06cc\u06cc\u06d5\u06a9\u06d5\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u06d5 \u062a\u06d5\u0646\u06cc\u0634\u062a \u06cc\u06d5\u06a9 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u06d5\u0646\u06ce\u0646.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\">[\u0663] Wittgenstein 1953\u200e\u060c \u0628\u0695\u06af\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0661\u0669\u060c \u0662\u0663 \u0648 \u0664\u0663: \u00ab\u062a\u06d5\u0633\u06d5\u0648\u0631\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u06cc \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06ce\u06a9 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u06d5 \u062a\u06d5\u0633\u06d5\u0648\u0631\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u06cc \u0634\u06ce\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06ce\u06a9\u06cc \u0698\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u00bb \u200f(\u00a719)\u200f\u061b \u00ab\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0634\u06d5 \u0628\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u06ce\u0646\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u06cc\u06d5\u062a\u06cc \u0644\u06d5 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u00bb \u200f(\u00a743)\u200f. \u0628\u0695\u06af\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0662\u0664\u0663 \u0628\u06d5\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0648\u06d5 \u062f\u06d5\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631\u06d5\u06cc \u062f\u06d5\u0631\u0628\u0695\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0647\u06d5\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u06a9\u06cc\u0646.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\">[\u0664] \u0695\u06cc\u0634\u06d5\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0648: \u0626\u0627\u06a4\u06ce\u0633\u062a\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u06c6\u0646 asman-\u200e\u060c \u00ab\u0628\u06d5\u0631\u062f\u061b \u0626\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646\u00bb \u200f(Bartholomae 1904\u200e)\u200f\u061b \u0644\u06d5 \u062f\u06d5\u0642\u06d5 \u067e\u06d5\u0647\u0644\u06d5\u0648\u06cc\u06cc\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u06d5\u06cc \u0626\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06d5 \u0628\u06d5\u0631\u062f \u0648\u06d5\u0633\u0641 \u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0648\u06d5 \u200f(Tafa\u017c\u017col\u012b 1987\u200e)\u200f. \u067e\u06d5\u06cc\u0648\u06d5\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u06cc \u00ab\u0626\u0627\u00bb\u06cc \u0626\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06d5 \u00ab\u0626\u0627\u0648\u00bb\u06d5\u0648\u06d5 \u0644\u06ce\u0631\u06d5\u062f\u0627 \u062e\u0648\u06ce\u0646\u062f\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06cc\u06d5\u06a9\u06cc \u0647\u06ce\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u06d5\u060c \u0646\u06d5\u06a9 \u0695\u06cc\u0634\u06d5\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\">[\u0665] \u0695\u06cc\u0634\u06d5\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0648: \u00ab\u0634\u06d5\u0648\u00bb \u0644\u06d5 \u0626\u06ce\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u06c6\u0646\u06cc x\u0161ap-\u200e\u060c \u00ab\u0634\u06d5\u0648\u00bb\u0640\u06d5\u0648\u06d5 \u062f\u06ce\u062a \u200f(Bartholomae 1904\u200e)\u200f\u061b \u00ab\u0634\u06d5\u0645\u0645\u06d5\u00bb \u0644\u06d5 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u0695\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627 \u0161ambad\u200e \u0640\u06d5\u060c \u0648 \u062d\u06d5\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0648 \u0644\u06d5 \u0645\u06cc\u0632\u06c6\u067e\u06c6\u062a\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0648\u06d5 \u0628\u06c6 \u0626\u06ce\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u06af\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u062a\u06d5\u0648\u06d5 \u200f(Gharib 2009\u200e)\u200f. \u0646\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc\u06cc \u0626\u06d5\u0645 \u0648\u0634\u0627\u0646\u06d5 \u0644\u06d5 \u00ab\u0634\u06ce\u00bb \u062e\u0648\u06ce\u0646\u062f\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06cc\u06d5\u06a9\u06cc \u0647\u06ce\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u06d5.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\">[\u0666] \u0647\u06d5\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06d5 \u0628\u06c6\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06d5 \u00ab\u062e\u06ce\u00bb \u0628\u06d5 \u00ab\u062e\u0648\u06ce\u00bb \u0648 \u00ab\u0626\u0627\u0631\u06d5\u0642\u06d5\u06cc \u0644\u06d5\u0634\u00bb \u0644\u06ce\u06a9 \u062f\u06d5\u062f\u0627\u062a\u06d5\u0648\u06d5 \u200f(\u0647\u06d5\u0698\u0627\u0631 \u0661\u0669\u0669\u0660)\u200f. \u0695\u06cc\u0634\u06d5\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0648\u06cc \u00ab\u062e\u0648\u06ce\u0646\u00bb \u0626\u06ce\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u06c6\u0646\u06d5\u060c \u0628\u06d5\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0628\u06a9\u06d5 \u0628\u06d5 \u0626\u0627\u06a4\u06ce\u0633\u062a\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u06cc vohuni-\u200e \u00ab\u062e\u0648\u06ce\u0646\u00bb \u200f(Bartholomae 1904\u200e)\u200f\u061b \u0646\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc\u06cc \u00ab\u062e\u0648\u06ce\u0646\u00bb \u0648 \u00ab\u062e\u0648\u06ce\u00bb\u060c \u0648 \u067e\u06d5\u06cc\u0648\u06d5\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u06cc \u00ab\u062e\u06ce\u00bb \u0628\u06d5 \u00ab\u062e\u0648\u0648\u00bb \u0648 \u00ab\u062e\u06ce\u06b5\u00bb\u0640\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u060c \u062e\u0648\u06ce\u0646\u062f\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06cc \u0647\u06ce\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0646\u06d5\u06a9 \u0695\u06cc\u0634\u06d5\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\">[\u0667] \u06af\u06ce\u0695\u0627\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06cc \u062f\u06d5\u0645\u0627\u0648\u062f\u06d5\u0645: \u0642\u0633\u06d5\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u06a9\u0645\u060c \u06a9\u06d5 \u0644\u06d5 \u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u06b5\u06cc\u0645\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0648\u0645\u06d5.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\">[\u0668] \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06d5\u06cc \u0661\u0668 \u0644\u06d5 \u067e\u06ce\u06a9\u0647\u0627\u062a\u06d5\u06cc D\u200e: \u0628\u0627\u0633\u06a9\u06cc \u0686\u06d5\u0645\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0648 \u062f\u06d5\u0633\u062a \u0644\u06d5\u0633\u06d5\u0631 \u0633\u06a9\u060c \u067e\u0634\u062a\u06ce\u0646 \u0648 \u067e\u06d5\u0695\u06c6\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0648\u0642\u06d5\u062f\u061b \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06d5\u06cc \u0664\u0663 \u200f(\u00ab\u0628\u06d5\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u06b5\u00bb)\u200f \u0695\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0633\u06ce\u06af\u06c6\u0634\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0644\u06d5\u0633\u06d5\u0631\u06d5 \u200f(Schmidt 2010\u200e)\u200f. \u0633\u06d5\u0631\u067e\u06ce\u0686 \u0644\u06d5\u0633\u06d5\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u06cc\u06d5\u060c \u0686\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u06d5 \u0633\u06d5\u0631\u06cc T\u200e \u0634\u06ce\u0648\u06d5 \u062e\u06c6\u06cc \u0633\u06d5\u0631\u06d5. \u062e\u0648\u06ce\u0646\u062f\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06cc \u0626\u06d5\u0645 \u0646\u06d5\u062e\u0634\u0627\u0646\u06d5 \u0648\u06d5\u06a9 \u0626\u0627\u0648\u060c \u0648 \u067e\u06d5\u06cc\u0648\u06d5\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06d5 \u067e\u0634\u062a\u06ce\u0646 \u0648 \u0633\u06d5\u0631\u067e\u06ce\u0686\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u06cc\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u060c \u062e\u0648\u06ce\u0646\u062f\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u06d5.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\">[\u0669] \u0628\u06c6 \u06a9\u06d5\u0634\u062a\u06cc \u0648 \u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u0648 \u0628\u0695\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06d5 \u0626\u06d5\u062a\u0631\u06d5\u062d\u06d5\u0633\u06cc\u0633 \u200f(Lambert &amp; Millard 1969\u200e)\u200f \u0648 \u062a\u06d5\u062e\u062a\u06d5\u06cc \u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06d5\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06af\u0644\u06af\u0627\u0645\u06ce\u0634\u060c \u06a9\u06d5 \u06a9\u06d5\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u06cc\u06d5\u06a9\u06d5\u06cc \u0644\u06d5\u0633\u06d5\u0631 \u0686\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0645\u0648\u0634 \u062f\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u0633\u062a\u06ce\u062a \u200f(George 2003\u200e)\u200f. \u0646\u06cc\u0645\u0648\u0634 \u0644\u06d5 \u062f\u06d5\u0642\u06d5 \u0626\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u06cc\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u06d5 \u0648\u06b5\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0632\u06d5\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u200f(Zamua\u200e)\u200f \u0644\u06d5 \u0632\u0627\u06af\u0631\u06c6\u0633\u062f\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0648\u06d5\u060c \u0648 \u0632\u06c6\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u06d5 \u067e\u06cc\u0631\u06d5\u0645\u06d5\u06af\u0631\u0648\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0633\u06ce\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u060c \u0628\u06d5\u06b5\u0627\u0645 \u0626\u06d5\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646\u06d5 \u062f\u06b5\u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u06cc\u06d5. \u0626\u06d5\u0634\u06a9\u06d5\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u0634\u0627\u0646\u06d5\u062f\u06d5\u0631 \u0646\u06cc\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u06d5\u062f\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u06d5 \u0626\u06d5\u0634\u06a9\u06d5\u0648\u062a\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0632\u0627\u06af\u0631\u06c6\u0633 \u062f\u06d5\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u06d5\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u06b5 \u067e\u06d5\u0646\u0627\u06af\u06d5\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u06c6\u06a4 \u0628\u0648\u0648\u0646 \u200f(Pomeroy et al. 2020\u200e)\u200f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\">[\u0661\u0660] \u062a\u06d5\u062e\u062a\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0646\u06c6 \u0648 \u062f\u06d5: \u06af\u06d5\u0634\u062a\u06cc \u06af\u0644\u06af\u0627\u0645\u06ce\u0634 \u0628\u06c6 \u0686\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0634\u0648 \u200f(M\u0101\u0161u\u200e)\u200f \u0648 \u0628\u06c6 \u0644\u0627\u06cc \u0626\u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u067e\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0645 \u0644\u06d5 \u06a9\u06d5\u0646\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062c\u06cc\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u200f(George 2003\u200e)\u200f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"><b>\u0633\u06d5\u0631\u0686\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"><b>\u0633\u06d5\u0631\u0686\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p8\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\">\u0647\u06d5\u0698\u0627\u0631 \u200f(\u0639\u06d5\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0695\u06d5\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u06d5\u0631\u06d5\u0641\u06a9\u06d5\u0646\u062f\u06cc)\u200f. \u0661\u0669\u0669\u0660. \u0647\u06d5\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06d5 \u0628\u06c6\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06d5: \u0641\u06d5\u0631\u0647\u06d5\u0646\u06af\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u2013\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc. \u062a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646: \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0648\u0634. \u0644\u06d5\u0633\u06d5\u0631 \u0626\u06cc\u0646\u062a\u06d5\u0631\u0646\u06ce\u062a: \u06a4\u06d5\u0698\u06cc\u0646\u060c https:\/\/lex.vejin.net\/ck\u200e\/<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"><b>\u0633\u06d5\u0631\u0686\u0627\u0648\u06d5 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u06cc\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p9\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\">Bartholomae, C. 1904. Altiranisches W\u00f6rterbuch. Strassburg: Tr\u00fcbner.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p9\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\">CT 19 = Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum, Part 19. London: Trustees of the British Museum, 1904.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p9\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\">ePSD2 \u2014 The Electronic Pennsylvania Sumerian Dictionary. Oracc. an\u0161ag [~HEAVEN], o0024225, version 2.7.2 (2024). http:\/\/oracc.org\/epsd2\/o0024225<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p9\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\">George, A. R. 2003. The Babylonian Gilgamesh Epic: Introduction, Critical Edition and Cuneiform Texts. 2 vols. Oxford: Oxford University Press.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p9\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\">Gharib, B. 2009. \u201cHafta\u201d. Encyclopaedia Iranica XI\/5: 530.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p9\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\">Haklay, G. &amp; Gopher, A. 2020. \u201cGeometry and Architectural Planning at G\u00f6bekli Tepe, Turkey\u201d. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 30(2): 343\u2013357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0959774319000660<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p9\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\">Hall, J. E. 2016. Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology. 13th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p9\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\">Koppes, C. R. 1976. \u201cCaptain Mahan, General Gordon, and the Origins of the Term \u2018Middle East\u2019\u201d. Middle Eastern Studies 12(1): 95\u201398.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p9\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\">Kotwal, F. M. P. &amp; Choksy, J. K. 2014. \u201cKust\u012bg\u201d. Encyclopaedia Iranica, online edition. https:\/\/www.iranicaonline.org\/articles\/kustig<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p9\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\">Lakoff, G. &amp; Johnson, M. 1999. Philosophy in the Flesh: The Embodied Mind and Its Challenge to Western Thought. New York: Basic Books.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p9\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\">Lambert, W. G. &amp; Millard, A. R. 1969. Atra-\u1e2bas\u012bs: The Babylonian Story of the Flood. Oxford: Clarendon Press.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p9\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\">Ong, W. J. 1982. Orality and Literacy: The Technologizing of the Word. London: Methuen.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p9\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\">Pomeroy, E. et al. 2020. \u201cNew Neanderthal Remains Associated with the \u2018Flower Burial\u2019 at Shanidar Cave\u201d. Antiquity 94(373): 11\u201326.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p9\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\">Schmandt-Besserat, D. 1992. Before Writing. Vol. 1: From Counting to Cuneiform. Austin: University of Texas Press.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p9\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\">Schmidt, K. 2006. Sie bauten die ersten Tempel: Das r\u00e4tselhafte Heiligtum der Steinzeitj\u00e4ger. M\u00fcnchen: C. H. Beck.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p9\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\">Schmidt, K. 2010. \u201cG\u00f6bekli Tepe \u2013 the Stone Age Sanctuaries\u201d. Documenta Praehistorica 37: 239\u2013256.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p9\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\">Scott, J. C. 2017. Against the Grain: A Deep History of the Earliest States. New Haven: Yale University Press.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p9\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\">Tafa\u017c\u017col\u012b, A. 1987. \u201c\u0100sm\u0101n\u201d. Encyclopaedia Iranica II\/7: 770\u2013771.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p9\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\">Wittgenstein, L. 1953. Philosophical Investigations. Trans. G. E. M. Anscombe. Oxford: Blackwell.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_7883\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-7883\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-7883\" src=\"http:\/\/cultureproject.org.uk\/kurdish\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/cultureMagazine-logo.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"93\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-7883\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0695\u06ce\u0646\u0648\u0633 \u0648 \u062e\u0627\u06b5\u0628\u0647\u200c\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u0628\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0647\u200c \u0628\u0647\u200c \u0646\u0648\u0633\u0647\u200c\u0631 \u062e\u06c6\u06cc.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n<p id=\"pvc_stats_28915\" class=\"pvc_stats total_only  \" data-element-id=\"28915\" style=\"\"><i class=\"pvc-stats-icon medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" version=\"1.0\" viewBox=\"0 0 502 315\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\"><g transform=\"translate(0,332) scale(0.1,-0.1)\" fill=\"\" stroke=\"none\"><path d=\"M2394 3279 l-29 -30 -3 -207 c-2 -182 0 -211 15 -242 39 -76 157 -76 196 0 15 31 17 60 15 243 l-3 209 -33 29 c-26 23 -41 29 -80 29 -41 0 -53 -5 -78 -31z\"\/><path d=\"M3085 3251 c-45 -19 -58 -50 -96 -229 -47 -217 -49 -260 -13 -295 52 -53 146 -42 177 20 16 31 87 366 87 410 0 70 -86 122 -155 94z\"\/><path d=\"M1751 3234 c-13 -9 -29 -31 -37 -50 -12 -29 -10 -49 21 -204 19 -94 39 -189 45 -210 14 -50 54 -80 110 -80 34 0 48 6 76 34 21 21 34 44 34 59 0 14 -18 113 -40 219 -37 178 -43 195 -70 221 -36 32 -101 37 -139 11z\"\/><path d=\"M1163 3073 c-36 -7 -73 -59 -73 -102 0 -56 133 -378 171 -413 34 -32 83 -37 129 -13 70 36 67 87 -16 290 -86 209 -89 214 -129 231 -35 14 -42 15 -82 7z\"\/><path d=\"M3689 3066 c-15 -9 -33 -30 -42 -48 -48 -103 -147 -355 -147 -375 0 -98 131 -148 192 -74 13 15 57 108 97 206 80 196 84 226 37 273 -30 30 -99 39 -137 18z\"\/><path d=\"M583 2784 c-38 -19 -67 -74 -58 -113 9 -42 211 -354 242 -373 16 -10 45 -18 66 -18 51 0 107 52 107 100 0 39 -1 41 -124 234 -80 126 -108 162 -133 173 -41 17 -61 16 -100 -3z\"\/><path d=\"M4250 2784 c-14 -9 -74 -91 -133 -183 -95 -150 -107 -173 -107 -213 0 -55 33 -94 87 -104 67 -13 90 8 211 198 130 202 137 225 78 284 -27 27 -42 34 -72 34 -22 0 -50 -8 -64 -16z\"\/><path d=\"M2275 2693 c-553 -48 -1095 -270 -1585 -649 -135 -104 -459 -423 -483 -476 -23 -49 -22 -139 2 -186 73 -142 361 -457 571 -626 285 -228 642 -407 990 -497 242 -63 336 -73 660 -74 310 0 370 5 595 52 535 111 1045 392 1455 803 122 121 250 273 275 326 19 41 19 137 0 174 -41 79 -309 363 -465 492 -447 370 -946 591 -1479 653 -113 14 -422 18 -536 8z m395 -428 c171 -34 330 -124 456 -258 112 -119 167 -219 211 -378 27 -96 24 -300 -5 -401 -72 -255 -236 -447 -474 -557 -132 -62 -201 -76 -368 -76 -167 0 -236 14 -368 76 -213 98 -373 271 -451 485 -162 444 86 934 547 1084 153 49 292 57 452 25z m909 -232 c222 -123 408 -262 593 -441 76 -74 138 -139 138 -144 0 -16 -233 -242 -330 -319 -155 -123 -309 -223 -461 -299 l-81 -41 32 46 c18 26 49 83 70 128 143 306 141 649 -6 957 -25 52 -61 116 -79 142 l-34 47 45 -20 c26 -10 76 -36 113 -56z m-2057 25 c-40 -58 -105 -190 -130 -263 -110 -324 -59 -707 132 -981 25 -35 42 -64 37 -64 -19 0 -241 119 -326 174 -188 122 -406 314 -532 468 l-58 71 108 103 c185 178 428 349 672 473 66 33 121 60 123 61 2 0 -10 -19 -26 -42z\"\/><path d=\"M2375 1950 c-198 -44 -350 -190 -395 -379 -18 -76 -8 -221 19 -290 114 -284 457 -406 731 -260 98 52 188 154 231 260 27 69 37 214 19 290 -38 163 -166 304 -326 360 -67 23 -215 33 -279 19z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/i> <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"Loading\" src=\"https:\/\/cultureproject.org.uk\/kurdish\/wp-content\/plugins\/page-views-count\/ajax-loader-2x.gif\" border=0 \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n<p>\u0626\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0627\u06af \u200f(an-\u0161ag\u2084\u200e)\u200f: \u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06cc \u0626\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06c6\u0633\u0645\u06c6\u0644\u06c6\u0698\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u06a9\u06cc \u0648 \u0628\u06d5\u0631\u062f\u06d5\u0648\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06cc \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062c\u0648\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u06d5 \u0647\u0632\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u06c6\u0645\u06d5\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0632\u0627\u06af\u0631\u06c6\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u0633\u06d5\u0628\u0627\u062d \u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062a\u06d5 \u0626\u06d5\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06d5 \u0648\u0634\u06d5\u06cc \u0633\u06c6\u0645\u06d5\u0631\u06cc\u06cc an-\u0161ag\u2084\u200e \u200f(\ud808\udc2d\ud808\udeae\u200e)\u200f \u062f\u06d5\u062e\u0648\u06ce\u0646\u06ce\u062a\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u060c \u06a9\u06d5 ePSD2\u200e \u0628\u06d5 \u00ab\u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06cc \u0626\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646\u00bb \u0644\u06ce\u06a9\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u062a\u06d5\u0648\u06d5 \u0648 \u0628\u06d5\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0628\u06d5\u0631\u06d5 \u0626\u06d5\u06a9\u06d5\u062f\u06cc\u06cc\u06d5\u06a9\u06d5\u06cc qereb \u0161am\u00ea\u200e \u0640\u06cc\u06d5. \u0648\u0634\u06d5\u06a9\u06d5 \u0644\u06d5 \u062f\u0648\u0648 \u0628\u06d5\u0634 \u067e\u06ce\u06a9 \u0647\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0648\u06d5: an\u200e \u00ab\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0633\u06d5\u0631\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u060c \u062a\u0627\u062c\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u00bb \u0648 \u0161ag\u2084\u200e \u00ab\u062f\u06b5\u060c \u0647\u06d5\u0646\u0627\u0648\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u00bb. \u067e\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06d5\u06a9\u06d5\u0645 \u0626\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06cc\u06d5: \u0628\u06c6\u0686\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u06c6\u06a4\u06cc \u062c\u0648\u0648\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0626\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u06d5 \u0648\u06ce\u0646\u06d5\u06cc \u062f\u06b5 \u0648 \u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u0648\u06d5 \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u06d5\u060c \u0648 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